Toxicologia Forense: Contribuições do Biomédico na Identificação de Substâncias Químicas em Investigações Criminais

Abstract

Forensic toxicology plays an essential role in criminal sciences, as it enables the identification of chemical substances present in different investigative contexts, contributing to the clarification of intoxications, determination of causes of death, and support for the justice system. In this scenario, the biomedical professional emerges as fundamental in the performance and interpretation of toxicological analyses, acting in the production of reliable evidence that assists the legal process. The objective of this study is to evaluate the importance of biomedical practice in forensic toxicology and its contribution to the elucidation of criminal cases involving toxic agents. This is a qualitative bibliographic research, of a descriptive and exploratory nature, developed based on scientific articles, books, and institutional documents related to toxicological analyses. The results indicate that the biomedical professional participates from the selection of the biological matrix to the application of advanced analytical techniques, such as chromatography and spectrometry, also performing the technical interpretation of the findings and issuing the conclusive report. It is also observed that respect for the chain of custody and constant professional updating are fundamental to guarantee accuracy and validity of the expert report. It is concluded that the role of the biomedical professional is indispensable for strengthening criminal investigations, promoting scientifically based evidence and collaborating with the justice system in upholding the law in real-life situations