Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 e hábitos contemporâneos: uma revisão bibliográfica sobre sedentarismo, alimentação ultraprocessada e saúde pública

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major contemporary public health challenges and is strongly associated with modifiable factors such as sedentary behavior and the consumption of ultra-processed foods. This study aims to analyze the relationship between these lifestyle patterns and the development of T2DM, identifying how they influence the population’s metabolic health. This is a qualitative and descriptive literature review based on scientific articles published between 2013 and 2025, retrieved from the Scielo and Google Scholar databases. The findings indicate that modern lifestyles—characterized by physical inactivity, industrialized eating habits, and excessive use of digital technologies—have contributed to increased insulin resistance and obesity, key factors in the onset of T2DM. The reviewed literature demonstrates that simultaneously addressing sedentary behavior and ultra-processed food consumption, combined with public policies promoting nutritional education and regular physical activity, constitutes the most effective strategy to reduce the prevalence of the disease. It is concluded that preventing T2DM requires integrated actions across health, education, and social policy sectors, aimed at fostering healthy and sustainable habits at both individual and collective levels.